Brave New World Utopia Or Dystopia Philosophy Essay

Exciting modern lifestyle Utopia Or Dystopia Philosophy Essay Exciting modern lifestyle is both, ideal world and oppressed world. The creator Aldous Huxley proposed to portray an envisioned new world after Ford, a mechanical period, where all individuals would be cheerful and incredibly fulfilled or as substance as the perfect society would leave them alone. However, to decide ideal world and oppressed world in Brave New World, we need to take a gander at the new world from our own time and from the time before Ford, seen through the eyes of John the Savage, our antecedent. The world we watch thus mirrors a cutting edge world, a world that is to come, and a cheerful world we can envision with a measure of skepticism. Individuals of our reality, the world which is more joyful than the savages world, still not as cheerful as the Fords world, should consider the real factors that make the new world look glad and bold. The idea of a courageous world will definitely prompt the topic of what makes the new world bold. Opportunity to do just what satis fies us or opportunity to distinguish just with our determined network, whose joy is controlled, makes us accommodating to the principles, natural and scholarly standards, for we wish to make the most of our lives regardless of all chances. The thoughts are as courageous as the network that cultivates them keeps them alive and viable. BNW has the ability to control and please its residents, since they enjoy to their epicurean buyer orientated sentiments, favored by their God Ford. Consequently it is important to stand up to the qualities and thoughts individuals share at the time before Ford and after Ford. Is the BNW a decent or an awful world? How idealistic is it and how tragic right? Is this world, which Huxley satirically delineated, is it a genuine ideal world or its terrible form, an inconceivably and disgustingly strange oppressed world? BNW as ideal world This tale is introducing many daring thoughts put in future. The people group portrayed in the novel, being modern, shows up as an idealistic culture. There are a few components that current its idealistic side. They are: a profoundly regenerative, solid, well off and stabile network. These are given by the administration who guarantees arranging and controlling everything that is in people groups intrigue. Government takes great consideration of their residents. Residents live and work intently together, they are pleasing on everything and there is no contention. Reasons control feelings in a general public whose part should all vibe content with what they are and what they have. Being an idealistic novel, BNW recounts to a tale about being at last cheerful in a world that doesn't affect feelings or causes torment. Hereditarily improved individuals live an undisturbed glad and sound life in a general public that accommodates their steady prosperity. They are extremely shrewd Alphas and Betas, and less astute Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons, yet every one of them are content with what they are and how they live. A steady position framework understood by standard Gammas, unvarying Deltas, uniform Epsilons. A great many indistinguishable twins. The rule of large scale manufacturing finally applied to science (Huxley, 2002:8). Love in this network is denied of sentiments or its upsetting passionate conditions, or to state love doesn't exist. It can't do any harm, as it generally stings. There is no agony or lament. Sex is considered as entertainment and there is no unethical behavior in bashes. It is basically a joy that individuals ought to do regularly and with the various lovely individuals from the network. All individuals from the network have whatever they need: drinks, food, sex, soma (drugs). A regenerative objective is effortless conveyance of new individuals to the world, controlled appropriately for the wellbeing, flourishing and strength of the general public. Ladies don't need to convey babies. They don't need to experience the agony. Everyone adores everyone. It is wonderful to have so much love anyplace individuals go. Portage legitimizes indiscrimination with natural creature reasons. Individuals intercourse with everybody and women are so fittingly pneumatic, much the same as Ford vehicles are. Children are brought up in bottles that are to be fated in detail (Huxley, 2002: 9) through the Bokanovsky procedure as it is one of the significant instruments of social security!( Huxley, 2002: 7). There, in the containers, they are set up for what they will be the point at which they come out and experience childhood in the general public where everybody knows their place, they think about things they are fated for and sicknesses they will be restored against. Individuals are not terrified of death, since it is a characteristic course of things. All the previously mentioned comforts give individuals from the glad BNW people group with their exceptional personality of an upbeat country. They are free individuals from their locale in the manner that they are allowed to amazingly appreciate life in the line with the standards of their cheerful network. They have been encouraged that comprehension of the world since the jug time, and subsequently through hypnopaedic mantra for security, quieted by their attentive sayings like Leninas most loved a gram is superior to a damn. The executive of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Center instructs that 200 reiterations of the equivalent or a comparative exercise would be married constantly. What man has joined, nature is weak to put in two (Huxley, 2002:17). With respect to craftsmanship, individuals don't make it. Their life is so vivid, steady and upbeat that no internal perspective ought to be communicated more successfully than expending products and arriving at fulfillment, which satisfies human substantial and otherworldly needs. Discussing science, there is nothing that ought to be concocted as the general public living in riches, and everybody have their lives calm. The people group is all around cutting edge and further headways could just misbalance the throws needs, and it is superfluous on the grounds that everybody has his own foreordained job in the steady society that is now prosperous. How idealistic in fact! Huxley saw in foreword of his novel written in 1946 with the time he set in the novel 600 years later, despite the fact that he can't help suspecting that we are not really one hundred years a long way from the ghastliness (Koljeviㄆ¡, 2002:137). His conclusion drives us to the idea of oppressed world, as the creator finishes up it to be an appalling reality in which individuals will live in one day in the estranged world improved with advances. BNW as oppressed world By changing over into oppressed world, the cheerful society turns into a spot controlled under extremist conditions in our own eyes. At first, John the Savage handles the new word since he thinks it is a world with bold thoughts, yet later on he perceives the world to be corrupt. Being various involves ones exile from the upbeat society. One has the opportunity to pick between speculation diversely and being a supporter. Huxley addresses the world that tackled the entirety of its issues where kids are made in labs㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦grown up in the soul of three primary social paroles: network, character, steadiness. These paroles are engraved in their psyches when they were dozing and once they became grown-ups they would continue rehashing them as preeminent wisdoms and morality(KovaÄ eviĆ¡, 1984:268). Endeavors to mutilate the unchallenged personality of the network will prompt social seclusion. Opportunity to think contrastingly kicks the bucket with oppressed world. Island is the ideal spot for the diverse individual from the network. A few individuals are not solid individuals from the general public, their appearance, aptitudes and execution are not as they are intended to be, a portion of the individuals need to direct logical investigates, and science is found as an upsetting component for the network. Such individuals who resemble Bernard and Helmholtz need to acknowledge the system or to be ostracized whenever rebelled. To fix the contradiction ailment that leads into unsteadiness, individuals better take soma. Individuals are intended to obey as they were found out to, as their makers foreordained them. Makers empty children as mingled people, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage laborers or future à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦future World controllers (Huxley, 2002:109). BNW is actually a sickening society, which gives one all gluttonous joy he/she can consider, against Bible and ethical quality. No sentiments exist there, individuals are not allowed to settle on their own decision, their physical presence is maltreatment of their blood and substance with no torment for torments a fancy (Huxley, 2002:108). Ladies are nice Alpha Leninas, exceptionally regarded prostitutes; all individuals appreciate wantonness. Svetozar Koljeviㄆ¡ refers to June Deery that ladies in the general public are seen and view themselves as meat and, as in our general public, meat which must be lean, not fat (Koljeviㄆ¡, 2002:136). As explicitly indecency caused rot of Rome, so it could have similar ramifications on BNW. The exciting modern lifestyle is only an in fact propelled world, another world that was anticipated by Ford, the ace of large scale manufacturing. Passage is the God, the ace of a mechanically consummated universe of products and customers, the person who looks down at his shoppers, who aimlessly follow their buyer impulses and convictions. Personality of the purchasers accompanies their religion in Ford and gigantic utilization and ameliorating with their transgressions. The adherents have no opportunity to feel, thoroughly consider or respond to all the indecencies. In contrast to ideal world, oppressed world in BNW is threatening to everything that is typical. In such a steady network, individuals need to abandon the things they have consistently known and felt ordinary. The agitating inclination about all inclusive joy shows up when individuals consider abandoning ordinary qualities like home, family, opportunity and other conventional worth. It's anything but a genuine bliss. Joy originates from indecencies: blow-outs (Bernard says that Orgy-porgy㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦is only a Solidarity Service psalm (Huxley, 2002:122), wantonness (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦but each one has a place with each one else (Huxley, 2002:18), drugs that makes us love everybody all the more profoundly and on the off chance that anything ought to turn out badly, theres soma (Huxley, 2002:155). The scourge of unchallenged solidness is a component that stifles the

Analysis of The Rocking Horse Winner Essay -- Literary Analysis, D. H.

Certain people have a drive that can lead them to accomplish what they want most. In the Short story â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner†, D.H Lawrence exhibits this through character inspiration and imagery. He further this utilizing quest for want, and how on the off chance that you take it to a limited degree it can bring about catastrophe if the individual decides not to accommodate. Paul needs to satisfy his mom since his mom feels that there family has no karma, yet Paul announces that he is fortunate. Paul out of nowhere becomes overcome with this unexpected binge of good karma and feels this is the main way he will have the option to pick up to the friendship of his mom. D.H Lawrence uncovers that Paul has a specific defect that goes him to accept that the main way he will have the option to pick up his moms love and fondness is by winning cash in the pony races. He guides this quest for want to the measures he thought he needed to, yet not to the guidelines that would have accomplished what he needed, which prompts his defeat. At the point when people want love from another, they may decide to acclimate their convictions and activities to that individual. From the outset they may feel fruitful, be that as it may in the event that they penance everything, in seeking after this sort of objective, they may follow through on an overwhelming cost as opposed to picking up there hearts want. Paul want his mother’s love more than anything. Anyway he accepts he needs to demonstrate he is fortunate. He battles to demonstrate that he is to satisfy his mom. Paul needs his mom to cherish him more than anything. For Paul’s mother cash approaches karma, and this will pick up her affection. â€Å"There must be more money†(19). He hears these voices all through the house. They hear these voices when hello are accepting things of happiness, particularly around Christmas time. Different kids can h... ...eparate ways, one for the cash, and another for his mom. This eventually prompts Paul’s end. â€Å"Mother, did I ever let you know/No you did not†(34) He never mentioned to his mom what he was accomplishing for her. He needed to pick up her adoration more than anything. He fit in with a specific way that he thought would have the option to accomplish his definitive want. Paul needed to pick up the adoration his mom more than anything. He decided to adjust to the way of karma. While pressing together this individual want, he became overpowered with in it and this eventually prompted his death. In the event that he would have had the option to control his longing it might have had the option to spare him from disaster. At the point when an individual decides to comply with meet the goals of another person so as to accomplish there own longing, they can not forfeit everything for that people standards since it can frequently bring about disaster.

About A.P.A Format Paper Writing Service

About A.P.A Format Paper Writing ServiceIn the recent past, there have been a lot of writers who have turned to an A.P.A. format paper writing service to help them write something that has great impact on the readers. They can certainly write the content in such a way that it provides their reader with information that is needed.When one wants to write an eBook or anything for that matter, one needs to follow certain guidelines that are mentioned in order to make the work of the writer good. And such a service has a certain list of guidelines that are required to be followed in order to write an eBook or any other kind of document that is published by the company. When you opt for the help of an A.P.A. format paper writing service, it is important that you do all the research about the topic that you wish to write about.Different people require different knowledge. It is possible that you will be providing some knowledge in your eBook or article and some other people may not even nee d any information but just a way to express their feelings or emotions. So it is very important that you provide them with the appropriate information in a form that they can understand. This is where the professional help comes in.The professional help will offer you the right inputs to write your eBook or any other information that you intend to publish on the net. This is because the information that they have written for you is the one that you need to use in order to make your work good. You do not want to make a mistake which may not only damage your reputation but also cause you a loss when it comes to your business.It is not very difficult to find a professional or the best professional help if you look for it online. However, you need to check whether they have enough experience in writing eBook, articles or any other kind of content. You need to check whether they have enough knowledge about the topic which you want to write about or whether they have knowledge about the n iche that you intend to cover.Free resource and other writing help are available. But it is always better to go for those who have experience in the business. It is very important to understand that writing is a science and it is also a business which require professional help in order to grow.There are various genres of books that one can write. However, one can always make up his own mind as to what genre he prefers to write. When one chooses to write an eBook on a particular subject, then he should choose a topic which has much relevance for the audience.This is because when an eBook is written, it should not only be informative but also interesting. And this is where the expert help can come in. It should be noted that the eBook content should be of interest to the readers and that the basic question should have already been answered in the eBook.

Corporate Social Responsibility And The Employee Stakeholder

‘Realism or idealism? Corporate social responsibility and the employee stakeholder in the global fast-foot industry’, written and published by Tony Rolye in January 2005, who is an expert in international and comparative employment relations. This article concentrates on how corporate social responsibility is now on the global agenda and how multinational corporations are being urged to address issues based on ‘Stakeholder democracy’ . Tony Royle mainly focuses on McDonalds and their distaste against trade unions. This papers main aim is to discuss and analyse the points put forwards by Tony Royle. Tony Royle’s focus in his article is to show us how corporate social responsibility on a global manner is being incorporated in fast-food†¦show more content†¦Royle clearly states throughout this paper how he does not believe that corporate social responsibility will be correctly enforced and effective at McDonalds. Royle supports this claim by stating that the ‘concept of stakeholder democracy is unrealistic’ and that ‘without the good faith in employers †¦ solutions like CSR are unlikely to be of any real value’ . This suggest that Royle believes that without a change in the view of the employers, corporate social responsibility will not be achievable nor effective. However, this is only Royle’s opinion on one fast-food Corporation and so this point can be argue to be biased to some extent and cannot be representative of the wider fast-food industry. In addition to this, Royle mainly focuses on how the employees at McDonalds have been treated in terms of low-wage, employees’ rights and misconduct. The employees are shown to be consistently mistreated and Royle uses the words ‘harassment’ and ‘intimidation’ to further support his claim. Royle gave statistics on how McDonalds wanted to ‘reduce costs’ and in ‘1994 a typical US worker would start work on around $4.00 ( £2.50)’. This supports Royle’s claim that McDonalds did not treat their employees correctly considering the amount of work they have to do. Royle’s claim can be further strengthened by 100 demonstrators who protest and demanded for better pay from McDonalds . The data that is used by Rolye to support his claims have

Bric Analysis Essay - 11111 Words

Polity . Volume 42, Number 1 . January 2010 r 2010 Northeastern Political Science Association 0032-3497/10 www.palgrave-journals.com/polity/ Brazil, the Entrepreneurial and Democratic BRIC* Leslie Elliott Armijo Portland State University Sean W. Burges University of Ottawa By most objective metrics, Brazil is the least imposing of the ‘‘BRICs countries’’— less populous than China and India, slower-growing in recent years than China, India, or Russia, and the only member of the group lacking nuclear weapons. We argue that Brazil’s material capabilities are more significant than commonly supposed. Moreover, Brazil’s democratic transition in the mid-1980s, along with that of its neighbors, has for the first time enabled Brazil to†¦show more content†¦We are important because of our deportment and, above all, our objectives.’’1 As a large democracy determined to steer a course independent of the major advanced industrial states that have dominated global politics since the mid-twentieth century, Brazil perhaps calls to mind the India of Jawaharlal Nehru in the 1950s and early 1960s. Nehru sought through the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to claim the moral high ground between what he viewed as two equally imperialist camps of Soviet Communism and Western capitalism. But a more appropriate heuristic might be Brazil as the new Canada, a close ally of the United States, with whom it shares liberal democracy and a capitalist economy.2 Brazil’s recent assertiveness around SouthSouth cooperation and rebalancing of representation in international organizations constitutes a bid for greater global influence, implicitly at the expense of  ´ 1. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, ‘‘Discurso durante cerimonia em comemorac ¸ao ao Dia do Diplomata,’’ ˆ ËÅ"  ´ Palacio Itamaraty, BrasÄ ±lia (7 May 2009), authors’ translation.  ´ 2. Andrew Cohen, While Canada Slept: How We Lost Our Place in the World (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2004). 16 POLITY FORUM: Brazil — Entrepreneurial Democratic BRIC the traditional Western European powers, but does not threaten the values underpinning the liberal world political economy: Brazil is the quintessential ‘‘responsible stakeholder.’’3 Brazil pursues its aims of greater voice in globalShow MoreRelatedComparison of Basic Economic Indicators of Bric Nations4949 Words   |  20 PagesComparison of Basic Economic Indicators of BRIC Nations Abstract In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as the BRICs or the BRIC countries or the BRIC economies or alternatively as the Big Four. Table of Content 1. Introduction 4 2. Statistics 5 3. 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Decriminalization of Prostitution - 1123 Words

Patty Kelly’s article, â€Å"Enough already, it’s time we decriminalize prostitution†, takes the reader into a fascinating behind the scene look into one of Mexico’s legalized brothels. Although it is apparent that her research and investigation into this social experiment are well defined, it is too narrow a focus to gather all the required information to support her argument. Kelly begins with a half hazard analysis of Elliot Spitzer infidelity, then continues down the path that is far too laser like to see the overall effect on these women; failing to see these prostitutes as real people with hearts and souls. Instead, she produces an impression that the prostitutes are just commodity, bought and sold on the open market, lacking feeling†¦show more content†¦Other contributing factor to his resignation was the devastating emotional toll this had on his family. His infidelity destroyed the trust in his marriage and he would need time to work with his wife in rebuilding that faith that is so vital to a healthy relationship. Even more appalling was that the police investigating this case had also linked him to a significantly greater crime, a major prostitution ring known as the Emperor’s Club. Either one of these criminal activities have been known to politically destroy government officials and Spitzer likely made this decision to try to escape the lime light with the intent to save his marriage and his disgraced political career. Had prostitution been decriminalized at the time of these events, there would still be questions relating to his lack of good judgement and deceitful actions. Sexual addiction cannot be blamed on prostitution any more than alcoholism can be blamed on alcohol, but never the less the link still exists. Decriminalization of prostitution would make this vice more accessible to someone whom suffers from sexual addiction. Some addicts consider the legal boundary to be one that they would not cross. Removing this boundary would allow some addicts to accelerate their addiction and spiral deeper into prostitution to gain the same feeling of arousal felt initially. This technique is similar to the drug dealer giving young kids meth laced candy; itShow MoreRelatedLegalization And Decriminalization Of Prostitution1141 Words   |  5 PagesPaper: Legalization and Decriminalization of Prostitution The legalization and decriminalization of prostitution is a highly debated topic within the area of women’s studies. Prostitution, the sale of sexual services, has been in existence for as long as society has. However, beginning in the 19th century, most states in America began to illegalize prostitution because of moral objections. Today, despite the fact that in 1959 the United Nations concluded that prostitution should not be a criminalRead MoreThe Issue Of Decriminalization Of Prostitution1843 Words   |  8 Pagesautonomy when it is paralleled with concepts that contest the social norm. For example, debates on the legality of prostitution and the sale of human capacities in Canada and other parts of the world have led to both the belief that prostitution should either remain illegal, or decriminalized and regulated by the government. In this paper, I will argue that decriminalization of prostitution in a country such as Canada is feasible; however, it must be done so ca refully and with extensive and thoroughRead More No Clear Answer Concerning the Decriminalization of Prostitution2163 Words   |  9 PagesNo Clear Answer Concerning the Decriminalization of Prostitution To decriminalize or not to decriminalize? That is the question people in the United States and other nations have been asking themselves for decades. Many countries, including Costa Rica, Italy, Norway, and Singapore, do legally sanction certain forms of prostitution, and some find it odd that a nation like the United States, which prides itself so heavily on the principle of individual liberty, would forbid any type of activityRead MoreDecriminalization Of Prostitution. Since Time Began, Women1266 Words   |  6 PagesDecriminalization of Prostitution Since time began, women have been selling sex through prostitution, men have been buying it, and society has been debating the legitimacy of the oldest profession in the world. The prevalence of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases have cast a new light on the old moral and victimless crime arguments against and for legalization of prostitution throughout the United States. There are convincing arguments on both sides of this issue, points on both sidesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Prostitution1061 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution is often classified as a â€Å"victimless crime,† however that is far from the truth especially within brothel walls. â€Å"An essential part of the brothel business model is to break the spirit of girls, through humiliation, rape, threats, and violence† (Kristof, 2009, p. 10). Violence comes to those women there on their own accord or those forced and trafficked. While legalizing prostitution could possibly allow for human traff icking to be monitored more closely, it feeds into the demandRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized? Canada?1379 Words   |  6 Pagessexual intercourse. Over time, the subject of prostitution has surfaced in spiritual and social discussion, and more recently into legal and moral discourses with an emphasis on the rights of sex workers. Since the recent phenomenon of advanced women’s rights through rigorous activist groups in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, propelling the advancement of women’s rights movements began to immerge in the first world. At its core, prostitution is not an individual issue, but rather, a societalRead MoreThe Legalization Of Sex Work940 Words   |  4 PagesJust as much of the debate surrounding the decriminalization of sex work hinges on the treatment of sex workers, so, too, does it hinge on whether those entering the industry do so of their own free will or by force. It is inaccurate to claim that sex work is never a de sirable option for its practitioners, but that it is, instead, a desperate last resort. The NSWP notes that although â€Å"our media†¦[is] full of stories about the horrors of prostitution†¦with sellers perpetually at the mercy of buyersRead MoreSex Trafficking And The Legalization Of Prostitution1183 Words   |  5 Pagesworkers, also known as prostitutes, have been victimized domestically and transnationally due to decriminalization of prostitution where those who deciding to engage in prostitution or sex work are unable to be protected, defend themselves, and are victimized. Sex trafficking occurs in victims who are transported and exploited by traffickers who seek to make profit through forced and coerced sex work. Prostitution and sex trafficking are both sexual violent acts that have been used against victims in differentRead MoreA Society By Fyodor Dostoyevsky1075 Words   |  5 Pageshuman rights. Throughout history, many nations have changed their prostitution laws back and forth according to the ebb and flow of social movements as this is a very symbolic and polarizing issue. In the end, these changes have had little to do with implementing the most cost-effective and practical policies. It may be surprising to learn that nearly every state in the U.S. lacked prostitution laws until WWI. Before then, prostitution laws had been enforced at the local level and most every major cityRead MoreTo what Extent Are Prostitution and Drug Use Associated with Sociological Variables?1214 Words   |  5 Pagesextent are prostitution and drug use associated with sociological variables and are they truly victimless? Prostitution and illicit drug use are contentious topics, not only in North America but around the world. The issues of how to police, as well as whether or not to decriminalize prostitution and drug use are multifaceted and encompass sociological, economic, and health factors. Although there is a general understanding amongst the public concerning the definitions of prostitution and drug use

Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Question: Discuss about the Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Answer: Type 1 diabetes is considered as a progressive autoimmune disorder. It initiateswhen the immune system misguidedly attacks and destroys healthy tissues. In T1D, an infection and other triggers leads the body to misguidedly attack the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin (Gan et al. 2012). Due to the damage of beta cells, pancreas stops insulin production. Insulin causes liver cells, fat tissues and skeletal muscle cells to absorb glucose from the blood (Atkinson et al. 2014). Without sufficient amount of insulin blood glucose level progressively increases. It eventually gives rise to severe health issues. In T1D, the insulin generating beta cells of pancreas are gradually destroyed by means of an autoimmune response to viral infection, genetic causes, chemicals drugs and environmental effects. According to Atkinson et al. (2014), theautoimmune responseconcerningbeta cells including growth of autoreactive CD4 and CD8 cells, T helper cells,autoantibody generatingB cellsand stimu lation of theinnate immune system leads to Type 1 diabetes. After initiating treatment with external insulin, a patients own insulin levels may temporarily improves. This happens due to altered immunity. Immunological therapies and beta cell replacement strategy are the most effective treatment methods for T1D (Gan et al. 2012). References Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S. and Michels, A.W., 2014. Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet,383(9911), pp.69-82. Gan, M.J., Albanese-ONeill, A. and Haller, M.J., 2012. Type 1 diabetes: current concepts in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical care, and research.Current problems in paediatric and adolescent health care,42(10), pp.269-291.

The Effects Of Sin Upon Arthur Dimmesdale free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Hawthorn shows wickednesss of several different sorts in legion people, every bit good as the effects and redresss of their wickednesss. Three chief characters ; Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth bare the most of these wickednesss. Arthur Dimmesdale, nevertheless, bares the most barbarous effects of such wickedness. This is due to several grounds. The most discernible ground for his eventual dislocation is the fact that he keeps his wickedness a secret. Arthur Dimmesdale? s wickedness was the same as Hester? s, except he neer confessed. ? As God # 8217 ; s servant, it is his nature to state the truth, so the old ages of pretense and lip service were particularly difficult on him. ? ( Bloom 28 ) Dimmesdale besides believes that his wickedness has taken the intending out of his life. His life # 8217 ; s work has been dedicated to God, and now his wickedness has tainted it. He feels that he is a fraud and is non fit to take the people of the town to redemption. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Sin Upon Arthur Dimmesdale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His secret guilt a much heavier load than Hester? s since he must keep it all within himself. This besides reveals Dimmesdale failing. Arthur wanted urgently to acknowledge his wickedness to the universe, which is shown throughout the book. The earliest incident was when he was asked to oppugn Hester on the scaffold as to who the male parent of her kid was: ? I charge thee to talk out the name of the thy fellow-sinner and fellow sick person! Be non soundless for any misguided commiseration and tenderness for him ; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high topographic point, and stand there beside thee, on thy base of shame, yet better were it so, than to conceal a guilty bosom throughout life. ? ( Hawthorne 67 ) In this address Dimmesdale is pleading for her to state the name of the male parent, and fellow evildoer, non merely for the other leaders sake, but for his ain. He is to weak minded to make it himself, and he believes it would be better to lose his topographic point of power in the church than to? conceal his guilty heart. ? Since he was non revealed, this is precisely what he does, conceal his guilty bosom. In position of the fact that there was no external penalty for Arthur, he creates it within himself. He still received his punishment, an internal penalty. # 8220 ; A good hidden secret, looking pure as a new fallen snow, while their bosom is spotted with unfairness of which they can non free themselves. # 8221 ; ( Hawthorne 88 ) At one point I n the narrative he had psychotic beliefs of traveling to the scaffold and squealing his wickedness to the people. It caused him to walk feebly, and left him without any significant strength as he felt of small worth. This self-inflicted penalty affected his physical visual aspect to such a grade that others would detect it. While waiting in the forests for him, Hester observed Dimmesdale? tilting on a staff which he had cut by the roadside. He looked Haggard and lame? . ( Hawthorne 197 ) Pearl besides notices the curates compulsive behaviours caused by his concealed feelings, as revealed when she asked? will he ever maintain his manus over his bosom? ? ( Hawthorne 223 ) Dimmesdale is seen throughout the book keeping his manus to his bosom. It is the mark through which he could typify to universe both his wickedness and agony. It represents his vermilion missive that he forces himself to have on, whether deliberately or subconscious. Auther Dimmesdale? s ain penalty is so oppressive that the opportunity of go forthing with Hester and Pearl makes him the exact antonym of what he has become. He left the forests with twice every bit much energy every bit earlier as he? overcame, in short, all the troubles of th path, with an unweariably activity that astonished him. He could non but remember how feebly, and with what frequent pauses for breath, he had toiled over the same land, merely two yearss before. ? ( Hawthorne 227 ) On the manner to town, he hardly stops himself from cursing to a fellow deacon. When an old lady approaches him he can non retrieve any Bibles to state her, and the impulse to utilize his power of persuasion over a immature maiden is so strong that he covers his face with his cloak and runs off. Near the terminal of the narrative Dimmesdale eventually receives his redemption. After his Election Day speech he ascends the scaffold and bears to the full town the truth behind his wickedness. After he achieves this great mental effort he collapses and dies. This is a true sarcasm since his decease was both his concluding redemption, and besides served as the last consequence of his wickedness. Arthur Dimmesdale was a applaudable character throughout the book, even though his wickedness brought so much uncomfortableness to him. The internal penalty he caused himself was his eventual ruin. Dimmesdale had such adversities that few will of all time cognize, and had the most barbarous effects of wickedness bestowed upon him.

Leadership Skills Seminar essays

Leadership Skills Seminar essays The idea of leadership development is often plagued by misconceptions and myths. One of the most damaging of these myths is that leadership is an inherent quality that cannot be learned or improved upon. This is absolutely not true: leadership skills can, in fact, be learned, and the purpose of this seminar is to help each of you learn some of the important Once, leadership skills were thought to apply only to people in positions high up in the corporate structure. Today, leadership skills are becoming an absolutely crucial part of almost every person's business skill set. We increasingly work in teams where we must learn to manage the output of others, in both a regular office environment, and in virtual environments. As such, leadership skills are an important part of the skill set of every person in this room. Today, we'll be looking at the leadership of United States Navy Commander D. Michael Abrashoff to help illustrate leadership concepts. Abrashoff is the man in charge of the USS Benfold, the $1 billion warship that is won the prestigious Spokane Trophy for the best combat readiness in the fleet. You might expect Abrashoff to be a rigid, military type barking orders in the style of George S. Patton. In reality, Abrashoff's leadership style is as progressive as any seen in the business world at large. His success begs us to ask: How has he been so successful using innovative leadership skills in such a rigid environment' Today, we'll be looking at some of the theories that underlie his success. The idea of the source of power or authority is important in leadership. Most people are likely the most familiar with the power derived from being an expert in a field. As such, a dentist of doctor draws power from their expert knowledge in a certain area. Abrashoff's leadership style comes from a few important bases of ...

Week One Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week One Individual Assignment - Essay Example An ADR is considered a pragmatic approach to dispute resolution that can save money and time and help find the best solution for everyone (Inta, 2010). Our ADR consist of several simple mechanisms that must be used to solve conflicts. If a member of the team is not happy about what is going on in the team setting the person must file a complaint in new post title ADR implementation. The post goes up and each team member must read the issue. After everyone reads on the matter, then a meeting must be setup within 36 hours of the post. In the meeting the each team member must provide a reply to the original post in the team player must provide constructive feedback about the issue. The feedback constitutes an alternative solution. Everyone including the person that filed the complaint must provide an alternative solution. After all solutions are posted in the learning team forum the member of the team must vote on their preferred alternative. The alternative that is going to be implemented is the one with the majority of the votes. If there is a tie then the team leader must chose the solution to solve the conflict among the most popu lar alternatives. ADR have become more frequently used in the 21st century due to time and money savings that are associated with the use of alternative dispute resolution

Energy and Metabolism, Nutrition, and the Digestive System (Synopsis) Essay

Energy and Metabolism, Nutrition, and the Digestive System (Synopsis) - Essay Example These compounds are further subdivided into many classes such as Carbohydrates into monosaccharides and polysaccharides, Proteins into amino acids and lipids into triglycerides and fatty acids (Saturated and Unsaturated). All these compounds which form the basic requirements of our body and food contribute in the process of formation of ATP, the basic energy providing compound of our body. These biochemical compounds when enter our digestive system are further broken down into their very basic compound or particle which then undergoes the process of metabolism (either anabolism or catabolism) to form ATP. Our digestive system consists of oral cavity where food is chewed, esophagus for the transfer of chewed food, stomach for the breaking down and absorption of some of the food specially Vitamin B12 and proteins and intestines (small and large) for the further absorption and digestion of remaining undigested food and removal of left over undigested food through the anal canal. All the se systems form the basis of body’s energy providing system along with liver where most of the absorbed compounds are taken and there they undergo the process of metabolism to form the basic energy providing compound of the body. An abnormality in any of them e.g. hepatitis, peptic ulcers could lead to less nutrition supplied to the body ( malnutrition) and even

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs)

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) 1.1 Introduction to IIMs Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of rheumatic disorders affecting skeletal muscle, they are thought to be auto immune in origin (Rothwell et al., 2013), but as their name implies the actual cause remains something of an enigma. The phenotype of IMMs is generally characterised by progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and rapid fatigue, MHC class 1 expression in muscle fibres (van der Pas et al., 2004), increased circulating muscle enzymes (Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase)(Cox et al., 2010), and the invasion of inflammatory infiltrates such as immune cells and cytokines (Lundberg et al., 1997; Grundtman et al., 2007). They are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation with patients displaying differing histopathological features, and exhibiting varying disease durations and treatment responses; this is probably associated with the numerous genetic and environmentally implicated factors that have been recently discovered (Rothwell et al., 2013). Interestingly, overt muscle atrophy is not a typical feature of IMM as it is in most diseases associated with muscle fatigue. Inflammatory infiltrate presence in muscle fibres is indicative of cytotoxicity (Lundberg et al., 1997). However, it is often observed that the extent of infiltrate presence in the muscle fibre does not often correlate with the degree of muscle dysfunction (Grundtman et al., 2010), implying that impaired muscle performance is the result of something other than muscle cell damage induced by inflammatory cells and their products; and the continued progression of pathology in the absence of infiltrates suggests that the muscle itself could be contributing. Furthermore, it has been found that weakness can in-fact precede infiltrate presence, and in immune-suppressed individuals weakness can persist (Lundberg Chung, 2000). Muscle weakness is usually initiated in the large muscles around the hips and shoulders, but often spreads to more distal areas resulting in quadriparesis (weakness in all four limbs) that can be severely debilitating. The impact of this can cause the patient difficult y in carrying out even simple everyday tasks such as climbing stairs and can be particularly dangerous in older patients who often have related morbidities. As the disease progresses, eventually the patient’s fine motor skills can be impeded: distal muscle action is required for these movements and weakness in these regions can have affect fine motor skills (Dalakas, 1991). Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is also common in severe cases and can cause fatal choking. IMMs clearly have an adverse impact on the patient’s quality of life, and a deeper understanding into the disease is essential for this to be improved. However, some patients are only mildly affected; this heterogeneity makes it difficult to establish the definitive cause of myositis, and treatment is therefore limited. IMMs can be subdivided into three main discrete histological categories: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. 1.2 Dermatomyositis (DM) DM is a microangiopathy that affects both the skin and muscle tissue, and is caused by the lysis of endomysial capillaries and muscle ischemia (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). It was Hohlfeld that described the criteria for diagnosing IMMs; a diagnosis can be made subsequent to three laboratory experiments: serum muscle enzyme concentrations, electromyography, and muscle biopsy (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003), and in some cases a skin biopsy may be useful in diagnosing DM. Creatine Kinase (CK) elevation is the main indicator of DM, and is usually correlative to disease severity. It is common for skeletal muscle CK concentration to increase fifty-fold in patients with active DM, but in some patients levels remain basal (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The muscle biopsy is critical for an accurate diagnosis and would generally show perifascicular atrophy caused by phagocytosis and necrosis of the muscle fasciculus; this is diagnostic of DM even in the absence of inflammation. CD4 positive T-cells are us ually detected in the dermis at sites of perivascular inflammation, and capillary density is dramatically reduced with vessel perforation. DM was unsurprisingly the first to be reported in 1875 by Potain (Potain, 1875) (Oddis Medsger Jr, 1995), probably due to its extramuscular manifestation of heliotrope (upper eyelids), and erythematous (face, neck, back, shoulders) rashes that commonly precede muscular weakness (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The extensor joint surfaces of DM sufferers are commonly covered in Gottrons papules, along with dilated capillary loops at the base of the finger nail with thickened cuticles (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The outward appearance of DM often leads to a false diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus as muscle weakness is not always evident in DM patients; however, the two diseases differ in that only the latter involves a phalangeal rash. DM has been shown to be the most common form of juvenile myositis, though there have been reported rare incidences of polymyositis (Sato et al., 2000). If treated early on, DM has been shown to respond to immunotherapeutic agents; however, the first line of treatment is usually corticosteroids such as high-dose oral Prednisone. Patients usually show some degree of response to steroid treatment alone, but they are usually administered in conjunction with other immune targeted treatments (Aggarwal Oddis, 2012). 1.2 Polymyositis (PM) In 1887 Unverricht reported the first case of PM (Unverricht, 1887), which presents without the classical rash associated with DM. It is the least common form of myositis and onset is almost universally after 18 years of age, though as previously mentioned it has been reported in the juvenile form (Sato et al., 2000). Epidemiology of PM is difficult to quantify due to it being a rare form of a rare disease that was for many years indistinguishable from Inclusion Body Myositis. PM develops slowly over months or years, and identifying the exact, or even approximate, time of onset is difficult due to the progressive nature and lack of the characteristic rash associated with DM. Muscle weakness progresses in much the same way as DM and is equally as debilitating (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). Diagnosing PM generally involves the exclusion of other similar myopathies using the three diagnostic laboratory experiments described earlier. In PM, unlike DM, CK concentration is always elevated significantly above the basal level. CD8-positive T-cells are found to be invading healthy muscle fibres expressing MHC class I antigens forming a CD8/MHC-1 complex (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There has long been evidence to suggest that PM could be induced by viral infiltration, possibly via retro-viral infection (Dalakas et al., 1986). The treatment approaches for PM are the same as DM, and in about 70% of patients intravenous immunoglobulin appears to be a promising treatment. 1.3 Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) IBM was not universally accepted as a separate classification to DM and PM until 1978 (CARPENTER et al., 1978), but it has since been found to be the most common acquired IMM in the elderly, and in men over the age of fifty (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There are two types, sporadic- and hereditary-IBM, the two are histologically and ultrastructurally similar, but hIBM lacks inflammation. IBM was pathologically characterised by Yunis and Samaha, who coined the term in 1971 (Yunis Samaha, 1971); they noted in patients the presence of vacuoles containing cytoplasmic degradation products with fibrillary nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions that distinguished IBM from PM, something it is often misdiagnosed as. Insoluble amyloid protein deposits are also found in the muscle tissue of IBM patients, along with the invasion of CD8/MHC-1 complexes that are also associated with PM, and perivascular and endomisial inflammatory infiltrates (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). CK levels are usuall y, but not always, elevated slightly. The vacuoles associated with IBM are indicative of muscle atrophy, something that is not generally seen in DM or PM. The process is gradual, occurring slowly over years similarly to many muscular dystrophies. In PM patients that do not respond to therapy, a diagnosis of IBM is now generally considered. Most IBM patients do not show a marked response to anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant therapy; a few, probably those with an early diagnosis, show a limited response to corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs, but this is not always sustained. Exercise therapy is often suggested to stabilize muscle strength and function, and is frequently advised (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). 1.4 Epidemiology Onset of myositis is most common in adults and is generally sporadic, though it has been postulated that there could be some underlying genetic predisposition that could attribute to myositic presentation in some individuals (Cox et al., 2010; Rothwell et al., 2013). Juvenile myositis is less common than the adult form, with dermatomyositis being most prevalent (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003); it’s incidence creates discrete age brackets in which IIMs occur. IIMs are regarded as rare, and though there have been numerous attempted epidemiological studies they generally have a low sample size, and it is therefore difficult to determine accurate statistics; also, most statistics are no longer accurate as the old classification of IMMs (Bohan and Peter) could not distinguish between Polymyositis and Inclusion Body Myositis. IMMs have been shown to be most prevalent in women, with DM being the most common diagnosis (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). 1.4 High Mobility Group-box 1 Protein (HMGB1) HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin associated protein; under typical physiological conditions it is confined within the nucleus where it regulates an array of important transcriptional pathways by binding to and distorting sections of DNA, allowing for the assembly of multi-protein complexes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). In response to tissue damage, the normally nuclear protein translocates to the extracellular space and acts as an inflammatory cytokine. Excessive cytokine signalling by HMGB1 has been shown to be fatal in mice (Wang et al., 1999). However, it has been observed that in models of tissue regeneration HMGB1 acts as a chemotactic agent to recruit stem cells such as mesangioblasts in vitro, which indicates it has an in vivo role of favouring muscle regeneration by promoting vessel formation (Vezzoli et al., 2011) (Sachdev et al., 2013). It is therefore interesting that it’s implicated role in IMMs is pathological. 1.5 HMGB1 in IIMs When activated by inflammatory stimulants, HMGB1 is actively secreted from monocytes and macrophages via specialised organelles such as secretory lysosomes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004); HMGB1 is found to be significantly elevated in patients with IIMs (Grundtman et al., 2010). This translocation is permitted by the hyperacetylation of lysines on HMGB1 (Bonaldi et al., 2003) allowing it to be permanently dissociated from the chromatin, and become packaged in secretory lysosomes. In necrotic cells the cellular membranes lose their integrity and soluble proteins such as HMGB1 are allowed to leak out; this differs from apoptosis where the cell death is not signalled by this leak as HMGB1 remains tightly bound to the chromatin (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). Necrosis is thought to be the predominant route for cell death in IIMs (Schneider et al., 1996); this allows for HMGB1 to be passively released from the cell. HMGB1 exists in mutually exclusive redox forms that mediate specific inflammatory roles (Venereau et al., 2012). Full reduction of Cysteines 23, 45, and 106 occurs initially, forming all-thiol-HMGB1; in this state it has a cytokine stimulating activity. It is thought that this is the form secreted by activated monocytes to help contribute to the inflammatory response. Later, a disulphide bond forms between C23 and 45 in the HMG-BoxA domain of HMGB1 whilst the Box B C106 remains unpaired and in the thiol state (Venereau et al., 2012). The disulfide form possesses chemoattractant capabilities, causing the migration of leukocytes to the region of inflammation (Venereau et al., 2012). Only the fully reduced form can recruit motile cells, making the cytokine stimulating and chemoattractant activities of HMGB1 also mutually exclusive. Terminal oxidation of HMGB1 fully abrogates its bioactivity, but slight oxidation is required to convert all-thiol HMGB1 to disulphide-HMGB1; it is thought that infiltrating inflammatory cells cause the conversion by maintaining the extracellular oxidative environment as they are a well characterised source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HMGB1 is a ligand for the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), a mediator of the innate immune response; though it is found in both healthy individuals and myositis patients, it is proposed to be the receptor for which muscle dysfunction in IIMs is mediated (Zong et al., 2013). The TLR4 plays an important role macrophages and monocytes where it is involved in pathogen recognition. Patient data from a recent study suggests that HMGB1 may induce MHC class 1 expression in patients with IIMs via activation of the TLR4: MHC class 1 and TLR4 have been found to be coexpressed in the muscle fibres of patients with myositis but not healthy individuals (Zong et al., 2013). Another receptor through which HMGB1 signals is the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE); an in-vitro knock out study using intact single fibres demonstrated that HMGB1 acts via the TLR4 and not RAGE to induce muscle MHC class 1 expression and fatigue by decreasing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+ released by actio n potentials (Zong et al., 2013). However, this may not necessarily be true in-vivo. Nevertheless, the HMGB1-TLR4-MHC 1 pathway seems to be an integral part of the pathogenesis of IMMs and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target. It has been shown that aerobic exercise (a common and beneficial intervention for IIM patients) reduces TLR4 mRNA in skeletal muscle of rats (Zanchi et al., 2010), thus further suggesting that TLR4 plays a key role in IMMs. References Aggarwal R Oddis CV. (2012). Therapeutic advances in myositis. Current opinion in rheumatology 24, 635-641. Bianchi ME Manfredi A. (2004). Chromatin and cell death. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gene Structure and Expression 1677, 181-186. Bonaldi T, Talamo F, Scaffidi P, Ferrera D, Porto A, Bachi A, Rubartelli A, Agresti A Bianchi ME. (2003). Monocytic cells hyperacetylate chromatin protein HMGB1 to redirect it towards secretion. The EMBO Journal 22, 5551-5560. CARPENTER S, KARPATI G, HELLER I EISEN A. (1978). Inclusion body myositis A distinct variety of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Neurology 28, 8-8. Cox S, Limaye V, Hill C, Blumbergs P ROBERTSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ THOMSON P. (2010). Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: diagnostic criteria, classification and epidemiological features. International journal of rheumatic diseases 13, 117-124. Dalakas M, London W, Gravell M Sever J. (1986). Polymyositis in an immunodeficiency disease in monkeys induced by a type D retrovirus. Neurology 36, 569-572. Dalakas MC. (1991). Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion-Body Myositis. New England Journal of Medicine 325, 1487-1498. Dalakas MC Hohlfeld R. (2003). Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The Lancet 362, 971-982. Grau JM Selva-O’Callaghan A. (2008). Sporadic inclusion body myositis. In Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases, pp. 165-168. Springer. Grundtman C, Bruton J, Yamada T, Ãâ€"stberg T, Pisetsky DS, Harris HE, Andersson U, Lundberg IE Westerblad H. (2010). Effects of HMGB1 on in vitro responses of isolated muscle fibers and functional aspects in skeletal muscles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The FASEB Journal 24, 570-578. Grundtman C, Malmstrà ¶m V Lundberg IE. (2007). Immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis research therapy 9, 208. Lundberg I Chung Y-L. (2000). Treatment and investigation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology 39, 7-17. Lundberg I, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Andersson U Klareskog L. (1997). Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheumatism 40, 865-874. Oddis CV Medsger Jr TA. (1995). Inflammatory myopathies. Baillià ¨res clinical rheumatology 9, 497-514. Potain P. (1875). Morve chronique de anormal. Bull et Mem Hop Paris 12, 314-318. Rothwell S, Cooper RG, Lamb JA Chinoy H. (2013). Entering a new phase of immunogenetics in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Current opinion in rheumatology 25, 735-741. Sachdev U, Cui X Tzeng E. (2013). HMGB1 and TLR4 mediate skeletal muscle recovery in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Journal of vascular surgery 58, 460-469. Sato M, Bando T, Hasegawa S, Kitaichi M Wada H. (2000). Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces associated with juvenile polymyositis. CHEST Journal 118, 1509-1511. Schneider C, Gold R, Dalakas MC, Schmied M, Lassmann H, Toyka KV Hartung H-P. (1996). MHC Class l-Mediated Cytotoxicity Does Not Induce Apoptosis in Muscle Fibers nor in Inflammatory T Cells: Studies in Patients with Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology 55, 1205-1209. Unverricht H. (1887). Polymyositis acuta progressive. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Medizin 12, 533. van der Pas J, Hengstman GJD, ter Laak HJ, Borm GF van Engelen BGM. (2004). Diagnostic value of MHC class I staining in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry 75, 136-139. Venereau E, Casalgrandi M, Schiraldi M, Antoine DJ, Cattaneo A, De Marchis F, Liu J, Antonelli A, Preti A Raeli L. (2012). Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release. The Journal of experimental medicine 209, 1519-1528. Vezzoli M, Castellani P, Corna G, Castiglioni A, Bosurgi L, Monno A, Brunelli S, Manfredi AA, Rubartelli A Rovere-Querini P. (2011). High-mobility group box 1 release and redox regulation accompany regeneration and remodeling of skeletal muscle. Antioxidants redox signaling 15, 2161-2174. Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S Borovikova L. (1999). HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science 285, 248-251. Yunis E Samaha F. (1971). Inclusion body myositis. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 25, 240. Zanchi NE, Lira FS, de Siqueira Filho MA, Rosa JC, de Oliveira Carvalho CR, Seelaender M, Santos RVT Lancha Jr AH. (2010). Chronic low frequency/low volume resistance training reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine protein levels and TLR4 mRNA in rat skeletal muscle. European journal of applied physiology 109, 1095-1102. Zong M, Bruton JD, Grundtman C, Yang H, Li JH, Alexanderson H, Palmblad K, Andersson U, Harris HE Lundberg IE. (2013). TLR4 as receptor for HMGB1 induced muscle dysfunction in myositis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 72, 1390-1399.

A Civil Engineering Success :: essays research papers

Civil Engineering History and Heritage U.S. 20 Iowa River Bridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Iowa River Bridge on Highway U.S.20 was built in such a way that it not only was able to expand the once two lane blacktop roads into a four lane highway, but also to keep environmental impacts of construction and existence of the bridge to a minimum. The $21 million dollar bridge consists of two 12.0 m wide deck structures that each contain five spans of 92 m. These deck structures are made from erecting a weathering steel I-Girder superstructure. â€Å"Each deck structure will consist of a 230 mm concrete slab with a 38 mm low-slump concrete wearing course supported by a system of four 3450 mm deep I-girders spaced at 3600 mm centers†(1). The support for these structures will be cast-in-place reinforced concrete substructure units. These units consist of two column bents ranging in heights of 20 m to 38 m, and are founded on drilled shafts or driven H-Piles. Engineering Success   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The construction method used on this bridge is the first of its kind in the United States on a steel I-girder highway. The bridge was constructed by a launch erection method in order to avoid damaging its surroundings. This method allowed for large steel portions of the structure to be assembled on large rollers behind one of the bridge abutments and then pushed from pier to pier with the use of hydraulic thrusts (or pulling with motors and cables). This area is one of few woodlands left in Iowa, and by doing intensive research Engineers were able to obtain their goal while leaving as much of the natural surroundings unaffected as possible. Lessons Learned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated earlier, this was the first use of this construction method and therefore a lot of lessons came from this erection of this bridge. Among these were mostly environmental concerns. The reason this method was necessary is due to all of the environmental concerns through the Iowa Greenbelt, which is home to a number of endangered animals, plants and aquatic life. Another aspect of the bridge that the environmental issues affected was the timeline. This included a â€Å"winter shut-down† for a little over 5 months due to the eagle’s roost, as well as the need to shut down any time noise or activities seemed to disrupt the eagles roosting habits.

Mercutio vs Romeo Essay

Love is a hard thing to define but lust is a burning desire for another person, and it usually doesn’t last a very long time. Love can transform over years and still remain consistent. Lust is superficial when only the appearance is considered but nothing else, which can be called ‘love at first sight’. Lust is only a short-term relationship, whereas love leads to a deeper understanding of the other person and one develops affection and caring for them. Mercutio’s idea of love doesn’t involve commitment, is more realistic than Romeo’s view and Mercutio doesn’t allow love to inflict any pain. Romeo’s idea of love includes commitment, and has a deeper, more passionate love and he allows himself to be vulnerable to his emotions and lets them take over. Mercutio and Romeo’s view on love are both similar in the sense that they involve desire for a girl and they are driven by their emotions. Both are fuelled by madness and this leads to them making rash decisions that result in a big loss and in Mercutio’s case, his life. Mercutio’s anger and feud with Tybalt leads him to go mad and be stabbed to death. Romeo’s anger gets the better of him which results in him stabbing Tybalt, after just having married Juliet. In the end, Romeo’s grief over Juliet’s ‘death’ overcomes his will to listen to reason and this poor decision ends up terminating his life too soon. Another similarity is that both characters are captivated by looks. They both speak of a woman’s outer appearance and have rarely talked about their personalities. When Romeo first sees Juliet, he marvels at her beauty without trying to figure out who see really was. O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night, Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear; Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear† (1. 5. L. 44-47) In Act II, Scene 2, we see Mercutio trying to lure Romeo out by describing Rosaline’s appearance, â€Å"I conjure thee by Rosaline’s bright eyes, By her high forehead and her scarlet lip, By her fine foot, straight leg, and quivering thigh. †(2. 1. L. 17-19) In the start of the play, Romeo and Mercutio think that all ther e is to ‘love’ is having sex. Even the servants, Sampson and Gregory mentioned wanting to sexually harassing the maids of the Montagues. â€Å"That shows thee a weak slave; for the weakest goes to the wall. † â€Å"’Tis true; and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall: therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall and thrust his maids to the wall. † (1. 1. L. 12-17) This proves that most men in this time thought of themselves as superiors compared to women. As the play progresses, Romeo’s view on love changes after he meets Juliet. After meeting Juliet, he falls in love with her as a whole instead of just her appearance. While there are minor similarities between Mercutio and Romeo’s view on love, the differences are pronounced and deserve thorough examination because the line between lust and love is very confusing and many people in society mix the two up. On one hand, Mercutio’s view can be described as ‘a chase for something sexual’. He never mentions settling down with a girl and having a committed relationship. Mercutio, unlike Romeo, does not believe in fate deciding his path, instead he lives in the moment. Mercutio doesn’t let love overthrow his conscience and guide his actions. Romeo says â€Å"Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like a thorn. † (1. 4. L. 25-26), to which Mercutio replies with â€Å"If love be rough with you, be rough with love; Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down. † (1. 4. L. 27-28) In those lines, he talks about how in order to defeat love and to not have it afflict with your actions is to have sex instead of loving someone and go through the pain of them not reciprocating your feelings. On the other hand, Romeo has a romanticized view which is shown by his strong reliance on fate, and the stars. In these lines, Romeo says â€Å"I am too enpierced with his shaft, To soar with his light feathers, and so bound, I cannot bound a pitch above dull woe. Under love’s heavy burden do I sink† (1. 4. L. 19-22) Romeo is being pulled down by the amount of pain from not being able to see Rosaline. At first he’s a victim of being caught up in Rosaline’s looks and mistook it as love. It wasn’t until he met Juliet that he truly discovered the true meaning. Romeo wallows in self-pity and loves by night. â€Å"I have night’s cloak to hide me from their sight; And but thou love me, let them find me here: My life were better ended by their hate, then death prorogued, wanting of thy love† (2. 2. L. 75-78) In contrast, Mercutio appears in the play mostly in the day and shows that he believes he can control his life and is more realistic than Romeo. He serves as the contrasting character to show a ifferent perspective on love from Romeo’s passionate, and emotional view on love. In culmination, Romeo’s idea of love is stimulated, loyal, and susceptible to pain. Romeo shows his vulnerability and readers and viewers of the movie have an easier time relating to his feeling for heartbreak. His loyal and never changing love for Juliet even as she was ‘dead’ made readers fall in love with his character. Although Romeo and Mercutio have different perspectives on love, they also have similarities which make them able to be such good friends.

TESOL English Teaching - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1820 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Teaching Essay Did you like this example? TESOL ellipsis stands for Teaching English to speakers of other languages. Of late, the English teaching industry has developed this acronym which is associated to learning, teaching and examination and also certification of the English language. Presently, the world studies two major branches of English; British English and American English. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "TESOL English Teaching" essay for you Create order Since the English language is the world language there has been creation of different acronyms all over the globe by trainers and educators in this field. North Americas # I rated TESOL institutions and Global TESOL collages leads to the way in professional academic based TESOL in the whole world. All the in-class and distance education syllabuses are designed professionally, monitored, administered and quality controlled so as to ensure that the graduates are of very high quality of teachers available today. The in-class TESOL guaranteed courses are offered across America and Canada. Globally, the North America and other colleges have become a household name in TESOL distance learning, offering quality professional quality TESOL diploma and certification courses online and also through correspondence (Ohta 2001, pg 53). About 35 percent of graduates complete successfully their TESOL courses by distance learning. Global TESOL institution was the first institution to provid e a TESOL teacher qualification program in Canada. It has currently expanded its programs to include professional and advanced level diplomas to achieve the demands of students worldwide and English teachers. All basic and secondary institution students presently in the United States will be contributing to and living in an increasingly varied society and inter reliant community a countries in the 21 century. To understand their social, personal and long term career goals, individuals will be in a position to communicate with others proficiently, effectively and appropriately. The challenge of modern education is to prepare all the students for life in the new world, together with the learners who join schools with another language other than English. There has been increased purpose aim of identifying the ESL standards and their roles in associated with the system. In the United States, communities and schools are experiencing increased cultural and linguistic diversity. Annually, more and more learners with different languages other than English and who come from communities, homes with varied traditions, histories educational experiences and world views, fill classrooms in urban, rural, and suburban settings. There has been an increment in the number of youths and school-age children who speak other languages other than English by 68.6 percent in the last 10 years. In 1993, the English language learners in United States public schools totalled to more than 2.5 million. Currently, projections estimate that, by the year 2000 most of the school age individuals in over 50 major United States will be from language minority surroundings (Klahr 1976, pg 86). There is a great variation in proficiency level and academic needs to the ESL students. Some of the ESOL students are current refugees and immigrants, taken to the United States by their families searching for refuge from persecution, political repression or by families looking for econo mic opportunities like business activities. Other students have acquired limited formal schooling. Some students are members of ethno linguistic clusters that have stayed on the continent for generations, some more extensively than the United States has existed as a nation. Some of the students have had former education, including accuracy in their nature languages. The primarily concern is with the students in basic and secondary schools who are non-native speakers of English and who are referred to as ESOL learners and students. There have been standards set to describe and specify the language competencies ESOL students in secondary and preliminary schools so as to become fully proficient in English, to have unrestricted admission to grade-appropriate directions in challenging educational subjects, and decisively to lead rich and prolific lives. The establishment of the standards has been by the effort of other national standard set of groups especially by the foreign language standards and English language arts. The total three language standards schemes share an emphasis on the essence of: assessment that respects cultural and language diversity, the role of ESOL learners native language in their general learning development and English language, cognitive, cultural and social processes in academic development and language, language as communication, the societal and individual value of both bi-and multilingualism and also language learning through significance and meaningful use (Braine 1990, pg 121). For TESOL research to be effective for second learning, its standards have seemed not to work alone. In turn, other professional organizations and firms have devised world-class standards which are developmentally appropriate and useful. These standards provide high levels of success in content education for all scholars, including the ESOL students. But the substance standards do not provide the educators with the strategies and directi ons they need to help ESOL learners to get these standards because they have an assumptions that, students ability and understanding English to engage with the content. Most of the substance standards do not recognize the central role of language in the content achievement. Nor do they emphasize the styles of learning and particular assessment and instructional requirements of students who are still developing ability in ability in English. In summary, the substance standards do not add English to the personal home languages, SOESL standards are high required in TESOL learning. The ESL standards have recognized that besides school entry, the students should acquire extra culture and language and learn the competencies in English that are characteristics of English native speakers at the same age and that are basic to the full English language skills attainment and other content standards. The ESL principals articulate developmental English language requirements of ESOL st udents and highest special assessments and instructional considerations that must be provided to ESOL students if they are to gain from and get the high principles proposed for other matters. Therefore, the ESL principles are vital because they; emphasize the main role of language in attaining of other principles, emphasize on the English language development requirements of ESOL students, and also ensure provision of directions to tutors on how to meet the requirements of ESOL learners (Harkla 1999, pg 93). Several myths have been associated with the second language learning which prevail both among several educational professionals, several lay persons and policy makers. It is perceived that ESOL students learn English quickly and easily due to being exposed to and enclosed by native English speakers. The fact of this matter is that it takes more time for an individual to learn the second language. It also involves a quite significant effort on the part of the studen t. It is hard work to learn the second language because even the youngest students do not just simply pick up the language. It is also perceived that when ESOL students can be able to communicate comfortably in English, they have proficiently developed in English language. The fact of this is that it can take a student for ESOL around 6-9 years to attain the same level of proficiency in learning English as a native speaker. More so the ESOL student taking part in thoughtfully designed programs of sheltered or bilingual content direction remain in school longer and achieve significantly higher academic rates as compared to learners without such advantages. Majority of the people also perceive that, in earlier periods, refuge children learned English rapidly and assimilated quicker in to American life. Contrary to that, most of the refuge students in the early part of this century did not easily learn English quickly or well. Most of them dropped out of education to work in s ectors that did need the type of academic attainment and communication skills that substantive career opportunities need today. Consequently, TESOL came up with a vision of effective learning for all students. The purpose of ESL principal can only be fully recognized in the wider context of learning for ESOL students. Therefore, before presentation of the ESL principles, it is of great importance to outline and explain the over arching vision of effective learning. Some of the TESOLs vision include: the knowledge of over one culture and language which is of advantageous for all learners, the effective learning also needs comprehensive provision of the first rate services and full acquisition to the services by all learners (Braine 2005, pg 88). All educational personnel should have an assumption of responsibility for the learning of ESOL learners. At the same time, effective education for ESOL learning comprises of native like levels of ability in English. Last but not t he least the effective learning for ESOL students should include the promotion and maintenance of ESOL learners native language in community and school context. Effective learning for ESOL students includes native like stages of proficiency in English. For ESOL learners to be successful in a learning institution and ultimately outside school, they must be in a position to utilize English to accomplish their personal, educational and social goals with the similar proficiency as English native speakers. In school, the ESOL students require to be able to both write and read English so as to demonstrate their learning and achieve academic content. ESOL students also require to be in a position to follow routine classroom directives provided in English and recognize and utilize appropriate communication models so as to become successful learners in the academic environment. Lastly, ESOL students require using English to have effective function in social settings when outside the school and also in academic performance and assessment principals that differentiate between academic and language achievement are also needed if ESOL learners are to be granted full credit for learning academic content as they acquire English (Braine 2005, pg 114). For effective learning of ESOL, there should be promotion and maintenance of ESOL students native languages in both community and school contexts. Through definition, the ESOL students already know and utilize other languages. Both the school completion and academic achievement for ESOL learners is enhanced significantly especially when they are able to use their native language facilitates development of the second language. The development and use of ESOL learners native language also serves United States national interests since it increases the cultural and linguistic cultural available as the US competes globally in economy. The achievement of challenging world class educational principles by learn ers is only possible if all the schools prepare their educational missions with ESOL students as well as others in mind. For comprehensive learning, there should be sharing of responsibilities by and collaboration among all educational professionals working with the ESOL learners (Helbert 1976, pg 155). Professionals should extend their knowledge to encompass aspects of relevance to the learning of ESOL students. References Braine G, (1990). Non-Native Educators in English Language Teaching. Mahwah. Braine G, (2005). Teaching English to the World: History, Curriculum, and Practice. Mahwah. Harkla L, (1999). Generation 1.5 Meets College Composition: Issues in the Teaching of Writing to U.S.-Educated Learners of ESL. Mahwah. Hiebert E, (2005). Teaching and Learning Vocabulary: Bringing Research to Practice. Mahwah. Klahr D, (1976). Cognition, Learning, Psychology of Collections. Hills lade. Ohta A, (2001). Second language acquisition processes in the classroom. Mahwah.